Choosing the right cryogenic valve comes down to a handful of considerations, each of which narrows the choices so that you find the right valve for your application. Because cryogenic liquids (nitrogen, oxygen, helium and hydrogen) are stored at extremely low temperatures (typically -150C / -238F or lower), you need valves designed to function properly at those low temperatures. Below are the top considerations for choosing a valve:
Type: Ball valves are a popular choice because they’re easy to turn and create a tight shut-off, critical with liquid cryogens. They can also handle temperature fluctuations well. Gate valves are another popular option that we typically see on transport trailers because of their full flow capabilities. Not as bubble tight as a ball or globe valve, but still a popular choice for transports.
Material: Cryogenic valves are typically stainless steel, though some alloys and Monel options are in service in certain applications. For the best longevity and performance, choose a stainless steel that has been engineered to resist metal embrittlement.
Assembly: Generally, cryogenic valves should be assembled in a clean room without lubricants to prevent any dangerous malfunctions, particularly with oxygen service. There are some lubricants that are compatible with cryogenic service, but you’ll want to triple-check that is the case beforehand.
Size: Cryogenic valves come in a wide range of sizes. Verify that the valve will fit the pipe in use.
Primary Function: Some cryogenic valves are designed to be used in specific ways, such as flow control, backflow control, safety, or separating fluids. Verify that the valve in question will perform the function it's intended to perform.
Temperature Range: Cryogenic systems work below -40C, so make sure the valve has a listed working temperature range that matches your application. Pushing a valve outside of this range is risky with cryogenic systems, and can cause them to fail.
Pressure Range: Just like temperature, cryogenic valves are designed to work within specific pressure ranges. Be sure to match the valve’s pressure rating to your system requirements for performance and safety.
Learn more about cryogenic valve selection, as well as helpful maintenance tips: